The findings for the complex under study may be used to guide similar research in other aquatic centers and for the continuous development of building codes and air quality standards.Ĭommonly present in the air in swimming pool halls, trichloramine (NCl 3) can irritate the eyes and the upper airways ( Parrat et al., 2012).

Eliminating air recirculation does not guarantee better air quality in terms of NCl 3 in these breathing zones. Moreover, air recirculation mostly affects the breathing zones of standing occupants on decks and of lifeguards but has a smaller impact on the breathing zones of swimmers or people sitting on the deck. Results show that the minimum recommendations (OA intake and ACH) by ASHRAE are not sufficient to eliminate NCl 3 accumulation and stratification in the lower breathing zones. This study carries out a numerical investigation of the impacts of the OA and the ACH on NCl 3 concentrations in a swimming pool hall in Montreal (Canada). It remains unknown how the OA intake ratio affects NCl 3 levels in breathing zones. Since its concentration cannot be measured directly, ventilation system parameters are often based on minimum recommendations set out in building codes and may vary in operation according to the CO 2 levels in the extracted air, irrespective of the NCl 3 level and its accumulation behavior. However, mechanical filtration systems are not designed to remove NCl 3 from the airflow. If trichloramine levels are suspected to be too high, pool managers will favor increasing the number of air changes per hour (ACH) while limiting the outdoor air (OA) intake. Consequently, building codes recommend maintaining a low airspeed above the pool and deck to minimize evaporation and to ensure swimmers’ thermal comfort. However, swimming pool halls are known to be significantly energy-intensive, mostly because of water evaporation from the basin. Mixing ventilation is the main ventilation strategy used in aquatic centers to maintain the NCl 3 concentrations at an acceptable level. Due to its higher density than air, NCl 3 tends to accumulate close to the water surface and above the deck. The gas is associated with chronic diseases such as asthma and often causes eye and skin irritation. Trichloramine (NCl 3) is a disinfection by-product commonly found in the water and air in indoor swimming pools. Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, QC, Canada.

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